Low cost desalination method using renewable energy &amp; recycled materials

ABSTRACT

The scarcity of fresh water for human consumption and agricultural irrigation is an ongoing problem affecting billions of people. This problem is only getting worse with growing human populations, pollution and global warming. Relying on underground sources of fresh water is not a viable long-term solution. I propose to solve the problem of fresh water scarcity with a new kind of desalination method. This desalination method is comprised of recycled materials thereby reducing the amount of pollution in the world. This desalination method uses no other power sources other than solar energy. The usage of recycled materials and renewable energy sources thereby ensures that this desalination method is a low cost way of transporting seawater and converting it into fresh water.

The scarcity of fresh water supplies is a growing problem. Factors such as expanding human populations, land irrigation and the pollution of waterways contribute to the shortage of fresh water. Sole reliance on current fresh water reserves is not a sustainable long-term option. The need to look into producing fresh water from seawater in a cost effective manner is therefore an extremely important endeavor. My invention desalinates seawater to produce fresh water using renewable energy power and recycled materials. It costs very little to operate as it uses solar power and curbs pollution by using recycled 750 ml glass wine bottles.

The seawater is collected at the shoreline via a cone shaped pipe. See FIG. 1(1). This pipe has a diameter of 1 to 5 meters at its opening on the shoreline. The seawater traverses a filter grid upon entering the pipe. See FIG. 1(2). The pipe's diameter is smaller as it progresses away from the shoreline. The cone shaped pipe is 1-5 meters long. At the smallest end of the cone pipe, the diameter is 2-4 cm in diameter along its entire length of ‘Y’ meters. See FIG. 1(3). Along this connecting pipe lies a solar powered water pump to draw in the seawater into the reservoir. See FIG. 1(4).

The filtered seawater reservoir is donut shaped and is made of two different layers. See FIG. 1(5). The outer layer is comprised of recycled aluminum cans. See FIG. 2(6) & FIG. 3(6). The inner layer of the reservoir is made of recycled aluminum cans. See FIG. 2(7) & FIG. 3(7). The inner layer of the reservoir rotates along the horizontal plane on the inside of reservoir. The inner layer has holes that are aligned with the holes in the outer layer, but when the inner layer is rotated, it seals shut the holes in the outer layer since the holes are no longer aligned in the inner and outer layers. See FIG. 2(8) & FIG. 3(8). The cylinder reservoir is approximately 22 to 25 cm in diameter. Tubes are attached to the outer layer of the reservoir at regular intervals along several parallel & perpendicular lines. See FIG. 2(9) & FIG. 3(9). The tubes have a diameter of approximately 1 cm.

Note that FIGS. 2 & 3 have an exposed cross-section in the middle of the diagram & at the end, FIG. 2(10) & FIG. 3(10), in order to better show the inner workings of the machine. Hence when the 1 cm holes in the inner layer are aligned with the 1 cm holes in the outer layer, the filtered seawater can flow down the tubes. The holes in the inner portion of the reservoir will be aligned with the holes in the outer portion of the reservoir when the sun is shining. When the sun is not shining (night time), the inner layer portion of the reservoir will rotate to block the holes in the outer layer, thereby preventing seawater from flowing down the tubes.

The mechanism that will cause this to happen is via a solar powered solenoid. A solar panel, see FIG. 2(11) & FIG. 3(11), will have one electrical wire extending to the solenoid which then reconnects to the solar panel. See FIG. 2(12) & FIG. 3(12). When the solar panel is energized by the sun, it will create an electric current that will pass through the solenoid and thus pull in a metal rod. See FIG. 2(13). This metal rod is attached to the inner layer portion of the reservoir. Once the metal rod is pulled into the solenoid, the holes in the inner layer portion are in alignment with the holes of the outer portion of the reservoir, thus allowing the flow of seawater out of the reservoir and down the tubes. When the sunlight ceases, the solar panels will no longer provide electricity to the solenoid, thereby causing release of the metal rod. See FIG. 3(13).

The metal rod retracts, because it is attached to the inner layer reservoir. The inner layer portion of the reservoir has a spring, see FIG. 2(14) & FIG. 3(14), that attaches it to an immovable portion of the outer layer of the reservoir, causing it to retract.

The 1 cm diameter tubes carry seawater down from the reservoir and into empty 750 ml wine bottles. See FIG. 4(15). The empty space in the center of the donut shaped reservoir is occupied with 143 wine bottles, see FIG. 1(16). The wine bottles are inverted, such that their openings are facing the ground, see FIG. 4(17), and their bottoms are facing the sky, see & FIG. 4(18).

The 1 cm diameter tubes connected to the reservoir extend out by 30 cm to 100 cm and are connected to the 750 ml wine bottles via the natural opening of the bottle on the side closest to the ground. See FIG. 4(15). The tube extends up to one-fifth of the way up vertically into the bottle; in other words the tube carrying seawater into the bottle just penetrates the bottle sufficiently enough to feed water into the bottle. The bottles are grouped in the inner open space formed by the donut shaped seawater reservoir. See FIG. 1(16). This arrangement maximizes heat transfer to induce water evaporation while maximizing surface area to allow water condensation on the bottle walls. Approximately 143 wine bottles could be fit in a space having a 102 cm diameter on the inside donut shaped seawater reservoir. This donut shaped reservoir would have, from outer edge to outer edge, a diameter of approximately 146 cm. See FIG. 1(5). The reservoir volume is slightly larger than by the total volume contained by 143 bottles. The bottles have their opening facing the ground, and only wine bottles that have a built in indentation in the center of the base of the bottle are ideal for collecting condensed water droplets. See FIG. 4(27). The approximate dimensions of a 750 ml glass wine bottle are; 30.5 cm long, 7 cm diameter along the large part of the tube, and 8 cm neck with a 2.5 cm diameter at the opening.

Inside the bottles lies a collecting tube that extends ¾ of the way up inside the bottle. See FIG. 4(19). The collecting tube fully occupies the rest of the opening of the bottle (in other words two tubes penetrate the bottle and thus fully seals the opening). An electric wire enters the opening of the bottle and penetrates the bottle by approximately 1 cm into the bottle past the neck. See FIG. 4(20). This electric wire is connected to a solenoid. See FIG. 4(21) & FIG. 5. This solenoid is then connected to the solar panel. See FIGS. 1(22) & 4(22). Another electric wire enters the bottle by the same opening but extends all the way to the top of the collecting tube. See FIG. 4(23).

The wire that extends along the collecting tube is completely sheathed for protection against water except for its tip at the upper portion of the tube. This wire is connected to a solar panel. If the water level in the bottle rises close to ¾ of the way up the bottle, it will complete the electric circuit and cause the solenoid to be activated, thereby acting to close the 1 cm tube that distributes the filtered seawater into the bottle. See FIG. 6. This mechanism will ensure that the seawater does not overfill the bottle. This ensures that the seawater is kept separate from the fresh water.

At the end of the bottle facing the sky is an indentation. See FIG. 4(27). The indentation in the center of the base of the bottle is ideal for collecting condensed water droplets.

Beneath the glass bottles, are metal pop cans and metal beer cans that have been opened such that their shiny metallic insides are facing towards the sky. See FIG. 4(25). They will reflect sunlight back towards the bottles. Underneath the metal cans lies a solid base board to support the weight of the bottles. Holes are fitted in this base board to allow the neck of the bottle to pass through thereby lending support to the structure.

On a hot sunny day, the sunlight will shine down on the filtered seawater in the glass bottles. The sunlight will heat the seawater and cause water to evaporate and condense onto the indentation at the closed end of the bottles. The condensed water will then flow along the indentation to its lowest point and fall into the collecting tube. See FIGS. 4(27) & 4(19). The collecting tubes of each of the bottles connect to a fresh water reservoir below. See FIG. 4(26). The fresh water reservoir is located in a hole in the ground beneath the bottles and is continuously drained into another reservoir in order to create a vacuum effect. This vacuum effect decreases the pressure in the collecting tubes and thereby decreases the pressure inside the bottles, thereby enabling more rapid evaporation of the water.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1:

Overhead view of wine bottles inside the donut shaped reservoir surrounded by solar powered panels.

1(1) Cone shaped pipe.

1(2) Filter.

1(3) Pipe.

1(4) Solar powered water pump.

1(5) Donut shaped reservoir.

1(16) One hundred & forty three glass wine bottles.

1(22) Solar panels.

FIG. 2:

Reservoir for the seawater when the solenoid is activated by the solar powered panel.

2(6) Outer layer of reservoir made of recycled aluminum cans.

2(7) Timer layer of reservoir made of recycled aluminum cans.

2(8) Holes in both layers of the reservoir.

2(9) Tubes with 1 cm diameters.

2(10) Exposed cross-section of reservoir.

2(11) Solar powered panels.

2(12) Solenoid.

2(13) Metal rod that interacts with the solenoid.

2(14) Spring.

FIG. 3:

Reservoir for the seawater when the solenoid is not activated by the solar powered panel.

3(6) Outer layer of reservoir made of recycled aluminum cans.

3(7) Inner layer of reservoir made of recycled aluminum cans.

3(8) Holes in both layers of reservoir.

3(9) Tubes with 1 cm diameters.

3(10) Exposed cross-section of reservoir.

3(11) Solar powered panel.

3(12) Solenoid.

3(13) Metal rod that interacts with solenoid.

3(14) Spring.

FIG. 4:

Side view of wine bottles where desalination occurs.

4(15) 1 cm diameter tube.

4(17) Opening of glass wine bottle.

4(18) Bottom closed end of the glass wine bottle.

4(19) Collecting tube.

4(20) Electric wire.

4(21) Solenoid.

4(22) Solar panel.

4(23) Electric wire.

4(25) Metal pop and beer cans with their shiny metallic insides facing the sky.

4(26) Fresh water reservoir.

4(27) Built-in indentation in centre of base of the glass bottle.

FIG. 5:

Inactivated solenoid.

FIG. 6:

Activated solenoid that shuts off flow of water traveling down the 1 cm diameter tube. 

1. A desalination method, comprising: (a) a seawater reservoir supplying water into recycled glass bottles, (b) said glass bottles trap sunlight energy thereby causing the seawater to evaporate, condense and be collected as fresh water into a freshwater reservoir. 